Spouse & Partner Visa: Evidencing a Genuine Relationship

Key facts

• UK spouse visa fee: £1,938 (approx. USD 2,591)
• Australia partner visa fee: AUD 9,365 (approx. USD 6,668)
• Canada spousal sponsorship fee: CAD 1,260 (approx. USD 900)
• US immigrant visa processing fee: USD 325
• UK processing time: ~3 weeks (15 working days)
• Australia de facto requirement: 12-month relationship before lodgement
• UK unmarried partner cohabitation requirement: 2 years cohabitation
• US interview wait: Several months at busy consular posts

Overview

The UK spouse visa costs £1,938 (approx. USD 2,591), Australia's partner visa costs AUD 9,365 (approx. USD 6,668), Canada's spousal sponsorship totals CAD 1,260 (approx. USD 900), and the US immigrant visa processing fee is USD 325. In every case, the single biggest reason for refusal is insufficient evidence that your relationship is genuine and subsisting. This guide explains, country by country, exactly what you need.

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Why do immigration authorities require genuine relationship evidence?

Spouse and partner visas grant long-term residence rights, sometimes a direct pathway to permanent residence. Authorities in the UK, Australia, Canada and the United States are required by law to satisfy themselves that the relationship is not one of convenience — entered into primarily to obtain an immigration benefit. The burden of proof sits squarely with the applicant and sponsor. A weak bundle is the most common cause of avoidable refusals.

The evidence falls into four broad categories that apply across all four destinations:

• Legal proof of the relationship — marriage certificate, civil partnership certificate, or (for de facto couples) statutory declarations.
• Cohabitation and shared life — joint tenancy agreements, utility bills, bank statements showing the same address.
• Financial interdependence — joint accounts, shared loans, insurance policies naming each other.
• Social and emotional ties — photos together over time, correspondence, evidence of meeting each other's families, travel records.

No single piece of evidence is decisive. Officers look for a consistent, coherent picture across all four categories.

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What evidence does the UK require for a spouse or partner visa?

The UK spouse/partner visa sits under Appendix FM of the Immigration Rules. The government fee is £1,938 for entry clearance from outside the UK, with a standard processing target of 3 weeks (15 working days). The visa is initially granted for 6 months (leading to 30 months limited leave on arrival, then a further 30 months, then indefinite leave to remain).

Mandatory document checklist

• Valid passports for both applicant and sponsor
• UK sponsor's proof of settled or British status (passport, biometric residence permit, naturalisation certificate)
• Original marriage certificate (with certified translation if not in English)
• Sponsor's financial evidence meeting the minimum income threshold — check GOV.UK for the current figure, as this threshold changed in 2024 and is subject to further review
• English language test certificate (or exempt category evidence)
• Accommodation evidence showing adequate and exclusive housing

Relationship evidence the Home Office expects

• Communication records: WhatsApp chat exports, call logs, e-mail threads spanning at least 12 months
• Photos: dated, varied settings, with family members on both sides present in some
• Travel history: boarding passes or passport stamps showing visits between countries
• Declarations from friends and family who can attest to the relationship
• Evidence of how you met: dating app profiles, introductory e-mails, wedding invitations

For unmarried partners, you must additionally demonstrate you have cohabited for at least 2 years. Joint tenancy agreements, council tax bills and bank statements at the same address for that period are essential.

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What evidence does Australia require for a partner visa (subclass 820/309)?

Australia's partner visa is one of the most document-intensive in the world. The government fee is AUD 9,365 (approx. USD 6,668) for the primary applicant. Processing times vary significantly; check immi.homeaffairs.gov.au for current queue estimates. Full details are on our Australia visa guide.

The Department of Home Affairs assesses evidence across four statutory criteria:

• Financial aspects — joint bank accounts, joint property ownership or tenancy, shared financial responsibilities
• Nature of the household — shared residence, division of household tasks, shared ownership of major assets
• Social aspects — recognised as a couple by family and friends, joint social activities, travel together
• Commitment — knowledge of each other's backgrounds, future plans, length of relationship

For de facto (unmarried) partners, the relationship must have existed for at least 12 months before lodgement unless you are registered under a state or territory scheme.

Statutory declarations

Australia specifically requires two statutory declarations: one from each partner, and ideally one or more from a third party (friend or relative) who knows you as a couple. These must be signed in the presence of an authorised witness.

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What evidence does Canada require for spousal sponsorship?

Canada's spousal sponsorship total fee is CAD 1,260 including the CAD 600 right of permanent residence fee, as detailed on IRCC's fee page. Processing time for in-Canada applications differs from overseas applications — check the IRCC website for current estimates. Our Canada visa guide covers the sponsorship stream in full.

IRCC divides relationship evidence into:

• Proof of genuine relationship: wedding photos, correspondence, joint travel, statutory declarations from people who know you as a couple
• Proof of cohabitation (if applicable): lease agreements, shared bills, official government documents showing the same address
• Communication evidence: logs of phone calls, video calls, messages — especially important for long-distance couples
• Sponsor eligibility documents: proof of Canadian citizenship or permanent residence, income declarations

IRCC officers also conduct interviews in cases where the relationship appears short, involves a large age gap, or the couple has spent limited time together in person. Preparing a coherent relationship timeline document — a chronological narrative with supporting exhibits — substantially reduces this risk.

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What evidence does the US require for a spouse immigrant visa (IR-1/CR-1)?

The US immigrant visa processing fee is USD 325, payable to the National Visa Center. The petitioner (US citizen or lawful permanent resident) files Form I-130 separately with USCIS; that filing has its own fee — check travel.state.gov for current amounts. Interview waits at US consulates can run to several months at busy posts. Our United States visa guide outlines the full CR-1/IR-1 process.

The consular officer at interview will assess:

• Proof of legal marriage: certified marriage certificate
• Evidence of bona fide marriage: joint financial accounts, lease or mortgage, insurance policies, birth certificates of children
• Photos together: across different occasions and locations, including with family
• Affidavits from people who know the couple
• Evidence of ongoing contact: call records, messages, visit history

For couples who met online or had an arranged marriage, extra weight is placed on demonstrating sustained contact and physical meetings prior to marriage.

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How do the four destinations compare at a glance?

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What are the most common reasons spouse visa applications are refused?

• Insufficient evidence volume — submitting only a marriage certificate and a handful of photos.
• No chronological narrative — evidence dumped without context; officers cannot follow the relationship's development.
• Inconsistent statements — the couple's accounts of how they met or key dates differ.
• Financial evidence gaps — sponsor does not meet the income threshold, or proof is out of date.
• No third-party corroboration — only self-generated evidence with no independent witness statements.
• Poor translation quality — documents in Hindi, Punjabi or other languages submitted without certified English translations.

For Indian passport holders, apostille of marriage certificates issued in India is frequently required. Check the MEA apostille process before lodging.

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How should you organise and present your evidence bundle?

A well-organised bundle significantly improves the officer's experience of reviewing your file, which in turn reduces the likelihood of adverse inferences.

• Write a cover letter / relationship statement (2–4 pages) narrating the relationship chronologically: how you met, first in-person meeting, proposal, wedding, life together. Both partners should write their own version independently.
• Create a timeline document listing key dates with the corresponding evidence exhibit reference.
• Tab and index your bundle: Section A — Identity; Section B — Legal Relationship; Section C — Cohabitation; Section D — Financial; Section E — Social/Emotional.
• Certify all translations — use a professional translator who signs a declaration of accuracy.
• Do not over-submit — 300 pages of WhatsApp screenshots is not better than 30 well-chosen, varied pages. Quality and variety beat volume.
• Date-stamp everything you can — ensure photos have EXIF data visible or include them in a table with captions and dates.

For further reading on financial evidence requirements, see our guide on student visa proof of funds, which covers similar bank statement and financial document standards.

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Is an arranged marriage treated differently?

Not inherently. Officers are trained to recognise that couples may have met fewer times before marriage. What matters is evidence of genuine commitment after marriage: sustained communication, visits, shared finances and plans. Build your bundle around the post-marriage period if pre-marriage contact was limited.

How many photos should I include?

Aim for 20–40 varied photos across different years, occasions and locations. Include photos with identifiable family members on both sides. Captioning each photo with the date and occasion is strongly recommended.

What if we live in different countries?

Long-distance couples must demonstrate sustained and regular communication: call logs, video-call history, visit records (boarding passes, passport stamps), and ideally financial transfers between partners. The absence of cohabitation is not fatal, but you must compensate with other evidence of commitment.

Do I need a solicitor or immigration consultant?

There is no legal requirement to use one, but for complex cases — short marriages, previous refusals, age gaps, limited contact periods — professional input can make a material difference. Vistolane's service fee for UK applications is USD 59; for Australia, USD 199; for Canada, USD 184; for the US, USD 69.

Can social media be used as evidence?

Yes. Screenshots of Facebook posts, Instagram photos tagging each other, or public relationship statuses with timestamps can supplement your bundle. Do not rely on social media alone — it is easily fabricated and officers treat it as corroborative rather than primary evidence.

Questions, answered